Factors influencing anxiety in adolescents (n=131194)
Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | t | B | SE | β | t | B | SE | β | t | B | SE | β | t | |
Individual factors | ||||||||||||||||
Sex |
0.81 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 36.80 |
0.69 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 31.41 |
0.69 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 31.66 |
0.63 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 30.28 |
Grade | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 31.60 |
0.19 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 30.18 |
0.19 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 30.42 |
0.16 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 27.20 |
Economic hardship due to COVID-19 (1=exist) | 2.37 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 71.22 |
2.02 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 60.85 |
1.75 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 52.99 |
0.74 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 22.44 |
Economic hardship due to COVID-19 (1=not knowing) | 1.18 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 45.36 |
1.04 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 40.54 |
0.94 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 36.91 |
0.11 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 4.37 |
COVID-19 confirmed experience (1=exist) | -0.13 | 0.05 | -0.01 | -2.55 |
-0.06 | 0.05 | -0.00 | -1.27 | -0.03 | 0.05 | -0.00 | -0.72 | -0.24 | 0.04 | -0.01 | -5.02 |
Daily life factors | ||||||||||||||||
Physical activity | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.03 |
0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 5.12 |
0.12 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 12.81 |
||||
Sleep time | -0.42 | 0.01 | -0.08 | -31.12 |
-0.39 | 0.01 | -0.07 | -29.63 |
-0.32 | 0.01 | -0.06 | -25.08 |
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Changes in media usage time | 0.84 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 64.22 |
0.71 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 54.06 |
0.41 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 31.62 |
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Social relationship factors | ||||||||||||||||
Changes in family relationships due to COVID-19 | -0.63 | 0.01 | -0.09 | -35.26 |
-0.36 | 0.01 | -0.05 | -20.89 |
||||||||
Changes in friendship due to COVID-19 | -0.60 | 0.01 | -0.09 | -33.11 |
-0.37 | 0.01 | -0.05 | -20.94 |
||||||||
Changes in relationships with teachers due to COVID-19 | -0.23 | 0.02 | -0.02 | -10.17 |
0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.11 | ||||||||
Subjective health factors | ||||||||||||||||
Changes in family health due to COVID-19 (1=having a health problem) | 2.80 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 59.57 |
||||||||||||
Changes in family health due to COVID-19 (1=not knowing) | 1.44 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 52.21 |
||||||||||||
Changes in health problems of friends due to COVID-19 (1=having health problems) | 1.22 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 39.28 |
||||||||||||
Changes in health problems of friends due to COVID-19 (1=not knowing) | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 15.36 |
||||||||||||
Subjective state of health change before the outbreak of COVID-19 | -0.97 | 0.01 | -0.16 | -59.51 |
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ΔR2 | 0.034 | 0.023 | 0.082 | |||||||||||||
R2 | 0.064 | 0.097 | 0.120 | 0.202 | ||||||||||||
F | 1780.37 |
1769.23 |
1626.48 |
2081.56 |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001; †sex: male=0, female=1. Durbin–Watson=1.988. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SE, standard error