Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry : eISSN 2233-9183 / pISSN 1225-729X

Table. 6.

Factors influencing depression in adolescents (n=131194)

Variable Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
B SE β t B SE β t B SE β t B SE β t
Demographic factors
Sex 1.21 0.02 0.11 43.77*** 1.03 0.02 0.09 37.49*** 1.03 0.02 0.09 37.89*** 0.93 0.02 0.09 36.53***
Grade 0.32 0.01 0.10 39.19*** 0.31 0.01 0.10 38.64*** 0.31 0.01 0.10 39.02*** 0.27 0.01 0.08 35.91***
Economic hardship due to COVID-19 (1=exist) 3.20 0.04 0.20 76.62*** 2.70 0.04 0.17 65.16*** 2.37 0.04 0.15 57.41*** 1.03 0.04 0.06 25.26***
Economic hardship due to COVID-19 (1=not knowing) 1.79 0.03 0.14 54.78*** 1.59 0.03 0.13 49.57*** 1.46 0.03 0.12 46.01*** 0.32 0.03 0.02 9.69***
COVID-19 confirmed experience (1=exist) 0.20 0.06 0.01 2.99** 0.29 0.06 0.01 4.54*** 0.33 0.06 0.01 5.15*** 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.86
Daily life factors
Physical activity -0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.11 0.03 0.01 0.01 2.91** 0.14 0.01 0.03 12.08***
Sleep time -0.46 0.01 -0.07 -27.61*** -0.43 0.01 -0.06 -26.07*** -0.33 0.01 -0.05 -20.90***
Changes in media usage time 1.18 0.01 0.19 72.16*** 1.03 0.01 0.16 62.22*** 0.59 0.01 0.09 37.34***
Social relationship factors
Changes in family relationships due to COVID-19 -0.82 0.02 -0.09 -36.87*** -0.46 0.02 -0.05 -21.53***
Changes in friendship due to COVID-19 -0.73 0.02 -0.08 -31.83*** -0.39 0.02 -0.04 -18.22***
Changes in relationships with teachers due to COVID-19 -0.25 0.02 -0.02 -8.83*** 0.10 0.02 0.01 3.71***
Subjective health factors
Changes in family health due to COVID-19 (1=having a health problem) 3.32 0.05 0.15 57.18***
Changes in family health due to COVID-19 (1=not knowing) 1.93 0.03 0.15 56.75***
Changes in health problems of friends due to COVID-19 (1=having health problems) 1.77 0.03 0.11 46.16***
Changes in health problems of friends due to COVID-19 (1=not knowing) 0.62 0.03 0.05 19.89***
Subjective state of health change before the outbreak of COVID-19 -1.45 0.02 -0.19 -71.53***
ΔR2 0.039 0.022 0.097
R2 0.081 0.120 0.142 0.239
F 2318.93** 2242.38*** 1975.40*** 2581.31***

**p<0.01; ***p<0.001; sex: male=0, female=1. Durbin–Watson=1.988. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SE, standard error

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024;35:230-42 https://doi.org/10.5765/jkacap.220039
© 2024 J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry