Demographic comparison between control and TS/CTD group
| Control (n=145) | TS/CTD (n=78) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 9.16±3.16 | 9.09±2.30 | 0.85 |
| Sex, male | 82 (56.6) | 56 (71.8) | 0.03 |
| Paternal age (year) | 49.73±5.62 | 46.53±4.35 | <0.01 |
| Maternal age (year) | 47.12±4.86 | 43.42±4.64 | <0.01 |
| Paternal education level | |||
| Degree or higher | 93 (66.4) | 68 (90.7) | <0.01 |
| High school | 44 (31.4) | 7 (9.3) | <0.01 |
| Middle school | 3 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.55 |
| Primary school | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| No formal education | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Maternal education level | |||
| Degree or higher | 77 (54.6) | 64 (86.5) | <0.01 |
| High school | 43 (30.5) | 10 (13.5) | <0.01 |
| Middle school | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0.55 |
| Primary school | 3 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 0.55 |
| No formal education | 16 (11.3) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| SES |
|||
| High | 13 (9.1) | 19 (24.7) | <0.01 |
| Middle | 72 (50.3) | 42 (54.5) | 0.57 |
| Low | 58 (40.6) | 16 (20.8) | <0.01 |
| Family history | |||
| Tic disorder | 4 (3.0) | 14 (18.2) | <0.01 |
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation or n (%). *SES was originally self-rated according to 5 different levels but data was combined to represent three levels for the purpose of analyses; †Equal variances not assumed; ‡Fisher’s exact test. TS, Tourette syndrome; CTD, chronic tic disorders; SES, socioeconomic status