Baseline score difference between intervention and control groups
| Intervention group (n=18) | Control group (n=12) | Mann-Whitney U | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PUTS | 16.61 (5.30) | 15.58 (5.62) | 88.50 | 0.406 |
| YGTSS_motor | ||||
| Number | 2.00 (0.77) | 1.75 (1.36) | 94.00 | 0.492 |
| Frequency | 3.11 (0.90) | 2.08 (1.44) | 64.00 | 0.051 |
| Intensity | 2.61 (0.92) | 1.92 (1.31) | 76.00 | 0.156 |
| Complexity | 0.67 (1.19) | 0.33 (0.89) | 90.00 | 0.327 |
| Interference | 1.78 (1.27) | 1.00 (1.04) | 70.00 | 0.097 |
| Total motor tic score | 10.17 (3.85) | 7.08 (5.27) | 69.00 | 0.097 |
| YGTSS_vocal | ||||
| Number | 0.78 (0.81) | 0.42 (0.67) | 81.00 | 0.206 |
| Frequency | 1.56 (1.72) | 1.00 (1.71) | 85.00 | 0.289 |
| Intensity | 1.33 (1.41) | 0.75 (1.29) | 81.50 | 0.218 |
| Complexity | 0.33 (0.77) | 0.50 (1.45) | 103.50 | 0.785 |
| Interference | 0.67 (0.84) | 0.58 (1.17) | 88.00 | 0.333 |
| Total vocal tic score | 4.67 (4.70) | 3.25 (5.85) | 82.50 | 0.241 |
| YGTSS_global impairment score | 17.22 (8.95) | 10.83 (11.65) | 63.00 | 0.047 |
| YGTSS_global severity score | 32.06 (14.51) | 21.17 (20.92) | 55.00 | 0.025 |
| CBCL | ||||
| Total problem | 59.94 (8.38) | 57.17 (8.57) | 81.50 | 0.363 |
| Internalizing problem | 60.35 (11.77) | 51.83 (8.78) | 57.00 | 0.046 |
| Externalizing problem | 54.59 (7.78) | 54.92 (11.10) | 99.50 | 0.913 |
| C-YBOCS | 0.89 (1.97) | 0.25 (0.87) | 93.00 | 0.328 |
| STAI-trait anxiety | 40.35 (13.00) | 33.92 (8.59) | 69.50 | 0.152 |
| STAI-state anxiety | 36.83 (12.93) | 32.83 (9.97) | 97.00 | 0.662 |
| ADHDRS | 11.47 (8.07) | 13.25 (10.10) | 88.00 | 0.533 |
*p<0.05. PUTS, Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale; YGTSS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; CBCL, Children Behavioral Checklist; C-YBOCS, Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; STAT, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children; ADHDRS, attention-deficit hyper- activity disorder rating scale